Issuing municipal bonds can improve ULB finances and improve city infrastructure by involving various stakeholders.

Before issuing municipal bonds, ULBs should have a decent credit rating, strengthen their finances, follow necessary disclosure norms, select infrastructure projects to be financed with bonds backing and getting approvals from required authority like SEBI.

The process of issuing municipal bonds should include preparation of offer documents for the investors, comply with SEBI’s Issue and Listing of Municipal Debt Securities Regulations, 2015 and list on stock exchanges, issue the bond for a standard timeline like 5-10 years and then market the bond to increase visibility.

After issuing the bond establish a Debt Service Reserve Account (DSRA) for repayment assurance.

Night economy is an emerging concept for metro cities. To encourage that safety and security for all genders is essential. Safety to women street vendors can be ensured by the following:

• Setting up allocated spaces for vending in neighbourhood creating a cluster effect
• Proper lighting and CCTV coverage of the region
• Police patrolling especially by female police officers in the area
• Encouraging use of Himmat app in their phones to raise an SOS call

Similarly for sanitation staff

• GPS tracking of their movement during work hours
• Avoid allocating them work in isolated areas. Rather female workers should be posted in areas with people traffic.